"TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL / INTERNET PROTOCOL"
The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) created the TCP/IP reference model because it wanted a network that could survive any conditions.
Some of the layers in the TCP/IP model have the same name as layers in the OSI mode
APPLICATION-Handles high-level protocols, issues of representation, encoding, and dialog control.
EXAMPLES-NTP, NMTP, DNS, HTTP AND ELS.
TRANSPORTS-Five basic services:
*Segmenting upper-layer application data
*Establishing end-to-end operations
*Sending segments from one end host to another end host
*Ensuring data reliability
*Providing flow control
EXAMPLES-TCP, WDP, DCCP AND ELS
INTERNET-The purpose of the Internet layer is to send packets from a network node and have them arrive at the destination node independent of the path taken.
EXAMPLES-IP, ICMP, AND ELS
NETWORK ACCESS-The network access layer is concerned with all of the issues that an IP packet requires to actually make a physical link to the network media
EXAMPLES-ETHERNET, PROXY ARP,FAST ETHERNET AND ELS
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